PURPOSE CLAUSES

 



There are several means of introducing a clause of purpose.

affirmative                                                     negative

to + verb                                                          not to + verb 

so as to                                                           so as not to

so that + verb                                                 so that + negative verb

in order to                                                        in order not to

in order that + modal verb                            in order that negative modal

with a view to + ing-verb                               with a view not to + -ing-verb

with the intention of + -ing-verb                   with the intention of not + -ing-verb




The purpose linkers are underlined in blue. Pay close attention to the position of “not” in the negative sentences.

She opened the window so as to air the room.
It was pouring so he stayed at home so as not to get wet.
He avoided his boss so that he wouldn’t reproach him for arriving late.
The got on the boat and started to row in order to cross the river.
She put on sun protection in order not to get sunburned.
The criminals threw away the mobile phones in order that the police could not trace them.
They had plastic surgery with a view not to being recognised.
They made a great investment with the intention of boosting their enterprise.
They started trekking at dawn with the intention of not having to walk after sunset.

Exercise 1

Recognition

Underline the concessive linkers in the following paragraph. The first has been done for you. Key below.

He got up earlier than usual, 4am, so that nobody could reproach him that he was late. With the intention of leaving as soon as possible, he only had a cup of coffee for breakfast. He stopped at the front door. The neighbours could stop him in order to have a chat, they would delay him as they usually did. So that he could avoid this, he put on a hat, a false beard and glasses. In this manner, he opened the door silently and tiptoed out of the house so as not to wake up anybody in the neighbourhood. A dog barked. He halted like frozen, like a statue, in order that the dog would shut his bloody mouth, he said to himself. After seven minutes timed with his watch, he broke into a run with a view to reaching the corner. The dog went frantic. Nobody should see him. He ran faster so as to get away from there. Full speed. Off went his hat, off went his false beard, forward went his glasses and he stepped on them. He stopped in order to collect them and doing so he looked around cautiously so as to confirm that nobody saw him, and he did confirm there was nobody up at 4 in the morning.  


Exercise 2

Rewriting
Rewrite the following sentences introducing the words given in brackets. You have the key below, but don’t cheat.

Example:
She wore a shell suit to that posh party. She wanted everybody to notice her.  (so that)
She wore a shell suit to that posh party so that everybody would notice her.

 

 1.       We left early in the morning. We wanted to get there before sunset. (so as)

 2.       The police cordoned off the streets. They didn’t want anybody to reach the president's caravan. (so that)

 3.       That MP always tries to claim the moral high ground during a debate.  His aim is to shift public opinion in his favour. (with a view to)

 4.       Don’t forget to include all the documents. In this way your application can be processed in a time. (so that)

 5.       He switched off the engine while we waited. His idea was not to use up the battery. (with the intention of)

 6.       Every year we take a vacation in France.  My kids can see their grandparents at least once a year. (so that)

 7.       He invested all his money. He had in mind doubling his earnings. (with a view to)

 8.       He went to her place. He wanted to propose to her. (with the intention of)

 9.       He sailed solo round the world in a record time. He wanted to advertise the NGO. (with a view to)

10.      They tiptoed along the corridor to their bedroom. They didn’t want to wake up the children. (so as)

11.      He checked the information again. He wanted the article to be as accurate as possible. (in order that)

12.      She hid behind a curtain. She didn’t want her friends to see what she was doing. (in order that)

13.      I decided to go back home. I wanted to change my clothes after falling into the lake. (in order to)

14.      I ran to change my wet clothes. I didn’t want to catch a cold. (in order to)



Exercise 1
Recognition Key

Underline the concessive linkers in the following paragraph. The first has been done for you. Key below.

He got up earlier than usual, 4am, so that nobody could reproach him that he was late. With the intention of leaving as soon as possible, he only had a cup of coffee for breakfast. He stopped at the front door. The neighbours could stop him in order to have a chat, they would delay him as they usually did. So that he could avoid this, he put on a hat, a false beard and glasses. In this manner, he opened the door silently and tiptoed out of the house so as not to wake up anybody in the neighbourhood. A dog barked. He halted like frozen, like a statue, in order that the dog would shut his bloody mouth, he said to himself. After seven minutes timed with his watch, he broke into a run with a view to reaching the corner. The dog went frantic. Nobody should see him. He ran faster so as to get away from there. Full speed. Off went his hat, off went his false beard, forward went his glasses and he stepped on them. He stopped in order to collect them and doing so he looked around cautiously so as to confirm that nobody saw him, and he did confirm there was nobody up at 4 in the morning. 


Exercise 2

 
 

Rewriting Key

      1.         We left early in the morning so as to get there before sunset.
      2.         The police cordoned off the streets so that nobody could reach the president's caravan.
      3.         That MP always tries to claim the moral high ground during a debate with a view to shifting public opinion in his favour.
      4.          Don’t forget to include all the documents so that your application can be processed in a time.
      5.          He switched off the engine while we waited with the intention of not using up the battery.
      6.          Every year we take a vacation in France so that my kids can see their grandparents at least once a year.
      7.          He invested all his money with a view to doubling his earnings.
      8.          He went to her place with the intention of proposing to her.
      9.          He sailed solo round the world in a record time with a view to advertising the NGO.
    10.          They tiptoed along the corridor to their bedroom so as not to wake up the children.
    11.          He checked the information again so that the article could be as accurate as possible.
    12.          She hid behind a curtain so that her friends couldn’t see what she was doing.
    13.          I decided to go back home in order to change my clothes after falling into the lake.
    14.          I ran to change my wet clothes in order not to catch a cold.
 
 
 
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