PURPOSE CLAUSES
affirmative negative
to + verb not
to + verb
so as to so as not to
so that + verb so that + negative verb
in order to in order not to
in order that +
modal verb in
order that negative modal
with a view to +
ing-verb with a
view not to + -ing-verb
with the
intention of + -ing-verb with
the intention of not + -ing-verb
The purpose linkers are underlined in blue. Pay close attention to the position of “not” in the negative sentences.
It was pouring so he stayed at home so as not to get wet.
He avoided his boss so that he wouldn’t reproach him for arriving late.
The got on the boat and started to row in order to cross the river.
She put on sun protection in order not to get sunburned.
The criminals threw away the mobile phones in order that the police could not trace them.
They had plastic surgery with a view not to being recognised.
They made a great investment with the intention of boosting their enterprise.
Exercise 1
Recognition
Underline the concessive
linkers in the following paragraph. The first has been done for you. Key below.
He got up earlier than usual, 4am, so that nobody could reproach him that
he was late. With the intention of leaving as soon as possible, he only had a
cup of coffee for breakfast. He stopped at the front door. The neighbours could
stop him in order to have a chat, they would delay him as they usually did. So
that he could avoid this, he put on a hat, a false beard and glasses. In this
manner, he opened the door silently and tiptoed out of the house so as not to
wake up anybody in the neighbourhood. A dog barked. He halted like frozen, like
a statue, in order that the dog would shut
his bloody mouth, he said to himself. After seven minutes timed with his
watch, he broke into a run with a view to reaching the corner. The dog went
frantic. Nobody should see him. He ran faster so as to get away from there.
Full speed. Off went his hat, off went his false beard, forward went his
glasses and he stepped on them. He stopped in order to collect them and doing
so he looked around cautiously so as to confirm that nobody saw him, and he did
confirm there was nobody up at 4 in the morning.
Exercise 2
Rewriting
Rewrite the following sentences introducing the words given
in brackets. You have the key below, but don’t
cheat.
Example:
She wore a shell suit to that posh party. She wanted
everybody to notice her. (so that)
She wore a
shell suit to that posh party so that everybody would notice her.
1. We left early in the morning. We wanted to get there before sunset.
(so as)
2.
The police cordoned off the streets. They didn’t want anybody to reach the president's caravan. (so that)
3.
That MP always tries to claim the moral high ground during a debate. His aim is to shift public opinion in his favour. (with a view to)
4.
Don’t
forget to include all the documents. In this way your application can be processed in a time. (so that)
5.
He
switched off the engine while we waited. His idea was not to use up the
battery. (with the intention of)
6.
Every year we take a vacation in
France. My kids can see their grandparents at least once a year. (so that)
7.
He
invested all his money. He had in mind doubling his earnings. (with a view to)
8.
He
went to her place. He wanted to propose to her. (with the intention of)
9. He sailed solo round the world in a record time. He wanted to
advertise the NGO. (with a view to)
10. They tiptoed along the corridor to their bedroom. They didn’t want
to wake up the children. (so as)
11.
He checked the information again. He wanted the article to be as
accurate as possible. (in order that)
12.
She hid behind a curtain. She didn’t want her friends to see what
she was doing. (in order that)
13.
I decided to go back home. I wanted to change my clothes after
falling into the lake. (in order to)
14. I ran to change my wet clothes. I didn’t
want to catch a cold. (in order to)
Underline the concessive
linkers in the following paragraph. The first has been done for you. Key below.
He
got up earlier than usual, 4am, so that
nobody could reproach him that he was late. With
the intention of leaving as soon as possible, he only had a cup of coffee
for breakfast. He stopped at the front door. The neighbours could stop him in order to have a chat, they would
delay him as they usually did. So that
he could avoid this, he put on a hat, a false beard and glasses. In this
manner, he opened the door silently and tiptoed out of the house so as not to wake up anybody in the neighbourhood.
A dog barked. He halted like frozen, like a statue, in order that the dog would shut his bloody mouth, he said to himself. After seven minutes
timed with his watch, he broke into a run with
a view to reaching the corner.
The dog went frantic. Nobody should see him. He ran faster so as to get away from there. Full speed. Off went his hat,
off went his false beard, forward went his glasses and he stepped on them. He
stopped in order to collect them
and doing so he looked around cautiously so
as to confirm that nobody saw him, and he did confirm there was nobody up
at 4 in the morning.
Exercise 2
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